Yes, audience matters when interpreting a piece of writing.

The New Testament was written to…

Matthew: Not directly specified

Mark: Not directly specified

Luke: Theophilus, a believer (1:2)

John: To the reader so the person can believe and have life (20:31)

Acts:  Theophilus, a believer (1:1)

Romans: Christians, loved by God, called to be His set apart (holy) people. (1:7)

1 Corinthians: Christians, to those set apart (sanctified) and called (1:2)

2 Corinthians: Christians, to those set apart (holy) (1:2)

Galatians: Christians (1:2)

Ephesians: Christians, to those set apart (holy), faithful, in Christ (1:1)

Philippians : Christians, to those set apart (holy), in Christ (1:1)

Colossians:  Christians, to those set apart (holy), in Christ (1:2)

1 Thessalonians: Christians, in God the Father, in Christ (1:1)

2 Thessalonians: Christians, in God the Father, in Christ (1:1)

1 Timothy: Timothy, a believer, and true son in the faith (1:2)

2 Timothy : Timothy, a believer, and dear son (1:2)

Titus: Titus, a believer, and true son in the faith (1:4)

Philemon: Christians, Philemon, Apphia, Archippus (1:2)

Hebrews: Jewish Christians (1:1)

James: Jewish Christans (1:1)

1 Peter: Christians, the elect, chosen of God (1:1)

2 Peter: Christians who have received faith (1:1)

1 John: Christians, dear children (2:1)

2 John: Christians, chosen by God (1:1)

3 John: Gaius, a Christian (1:1, 3)

Jude: Christians, who have been called, loved by the Father, kept for Christ (1:1)

Revelation: Christians, servants of Christ (1:1)